He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike kila, ʻo ke ʻano nui ka mea ʻehiku:
1, e like me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale
(1) kila maʻamau (P 0.045% a emi mai paha, S 0.050% a emi mai paha)
(2) ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (P, S he 0.035% a emi mai paha)
(3) ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (P 0.035% a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, S 0.030% a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi)
2, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka haku melemele
Ke kila māmā (1) kila kalapona: a. 0.25% a emi mai paha (C); B. kalapona kila (C acuities ua 0.25 ~ 0.60%); C. kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (0.60%) a emi mai paha c.
(2) hao hao: a. ke kila kila haʻahaʻa (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 5% a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi); B. i ke kila kila (alloy element total content > 5 ~ 10%); C. kila kila kiʻekiʻe (alloy element total content> 10%).
3, e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana
(1) hana kila; (2) hoolei kila; (3) kila ʻōwili wela, (4) kila huki anu.
4, e like me ka hoʻohālikelike microstructure
(1) kūlana annealing: a. ke kila hypoeutectoid (ferrite + pearlite); B. eutectoid kila (pearlite); C. ke kila hypereutectoid (pearlite a me ka cementite); D. ledeburite kila (pearlite a me ka cementite).
(2) ke kūlana o ke ahi: a. kila momi; B. bainite kila; C. kila martensitic; D. kila austenitic.
(3) me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana a i ʻole kekahi hapa o kahi hoʻololi
5, e like me ke kumu hoʻohālikelike
(1) hana a me ka ʻenekinia kila: a. ke kila kalapona maʻamau; B. haʻahaʻa alloy structural kila; C. kila hoʻoikaika.
(2) kila kila: a. mīkini hana kinai ʻia a me ke kila wela: (a) kila kila; (b) kila paakiki ili: e like me ke kila carburizing, ke kūpale o ke kila amonia, ke kila kinai ili; (c) ʻoki kila manuahi; (d) ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka plastik anuanu: me ke kila i hana ʻia anu, ke kila poʻomanaʻo anu.
B. puna kila
C. amo kila
(3) mea kila: a. hao mea hana kalapona; B. kila mea paahana; C. kiʻekiʻe māmā mea paahana kila.
(4) ka hana kūikawā o ke kila: a. ʻakika-ʻoiaʻiʻo kuhiliʻole kila; B. mehana pale kila, me ka oxidation wela ikaika kila, kila, kila valve; C. kila kila electrothermal; D. ʻaʻahu i ke kila kūpaʻa; E. kila cryogenic; F. kila uila.
(5) kila 'oihana, e like me Bridges me ke kila, moku kila, boiler kila, kaomi ipu kila, mahiai mīkini, kila, etc.
6, hoʻokaʻawale piha
(1) kila maʻamau
A. Q195 carbon structural steel: (a); (b) Q215 (A, b); (c) Q235 (A, B, c); (d) Q255 (A, B); Q275 (e).
B. haʻahaʻa alloy structural steel
C. kila kila maʻamau kumu kūikawā
(2) ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe)
. (b) ke kila kila kila; (c) puna kila; (d) ʻoki kila manuahi; (e) lawe kila; (f) kiko'ī USES kila kiʻekiʻe.
B. kila kila kila kila: (a); (b) mea hao hao, (c) kiʻekiʻe māmā mea hana kila.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-02-2021