Machina musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvemuviri, zvine hukama hwekufamba pakati pechikamu chimwe nechimwe, izvo zvinogona kubatsira vanhu kuderedza kuoma kwebasa kana kuchengetedza mari.
Simba rekushandisa mudziyo. yakaoma Muchina unoumbwa nemichina miviri kana kupfuura, uye michina yakaoma inowanzonzi michina.
Kune akawanda marudzi emuchina, anogona kupatsanurwa kuita michina yekurima, migodhi yemuchina, muchina wekuvaka, petrochemical general muchina, magetsi muchina, uye maturusi emuchina zvinoenderana nemaindasitiri anoshandirwa, Instrumentation, hwaro. Machina, kurongedza muchina, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza muchina, etc. Simbi yekugadzira michina, simbi yezvimiro inoshandiswa kugadzira mekiniki zvikamu zvinotakura mutoro kana kutumira basa nechisimba, inozivikanwawo semuchina wekugadzira simbi. Yakakamurwa nechinangwa
Simbi dzakadzimwa uye dzakapfava, nzvimbo yakaoma
Kemikari simbi (inosanganisira carburizing simbi, nitriding simbi, yakaderera kuomarara simbi), yemahara-kucheka simbi, elastic simbi uye rolling simbi, nezvimwe.
1. Simbi dzakadzima uye dzakapfava
Simbi yakadzima uye yakapfava kazhinji inodzimwa yobva yadzikamiswa isati yashandiswa kuti iwane simba rinodiwa uye kuoma. Iyo kabhoni yemukati yekabhoni yakadzimwa uye simbi yakanyoroveswa ndeye 0.03 ~ 0.60%.
Nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kuoma,
Inongoshandiswa kugadzira mekiniki zvikamu zvine saizi diki yemuchinjikwa, chimiro chakareruka kana mutoro wakaderera. Alloy quenched uye tempered simbi inogadzirwa mukabhoni
Pahwaro hwesimbi yepamusoro, imwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzerwa
Huwandu hwezvinhu zvealloying zvakawedzerwa-kazhinji hazvipfuure 5%. Alloy quenched uye tempered simbi ine yakanaka kuoma uye inogona kushandiswa mukati
Yakaomeswa mumafuta, diki yekudzima deformation, simba riri nani uye kuoma
Iwo anowanzo shandiswa simbi mamakisi 40Cr, 35CrMo, 40MnB, etc. The cross-chikamu saizi yakakura.
, Zvikamu zvakakosha zvine mutoro wakakwira, senge aero injini main shaft, high-speed injini yedhiziri crankshaft
Uye matanda ekubatanidza, main shafts emhepo turbines uye jenareta, nezvimwe.
Simbi mamakisi ane yakakwira yemukati yezvinhu zvealloying, senge 40CrNiMo, 18CrNiW, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, nezvimwe.
2. Carburized steel
Simbi yeCarburized inoshandiswa kugadzira zvidimbu zvinoda nzvimbo dzakaomarara uye dzisingapfeki uye dzakasimba uye dzisingapindi macores, senge mapini, piston, magiya, nezvimwewo. Kabhoni yecarburized steel yakaderera, inova 0.10~0.30% , kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuoma kwepakati pechikamu, mushure mekurapa kwecarburizing, high-carbon uye yakakwirira-yakaoma kupfeka-resistant layer inogona kuumbwa pamusoro. Alloy carburizing inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu. Simbi, inowanzoshandiswa simbi mamakisi 20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20Cr, nezvimwewo.
3. Nitrided simbi
Nitrided simbi ine alloying zvinhu zvine hukama hwakasimba hwenitrogen, senge aruminiyamu, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, nezvimwewo, kufambisa kupinza kwenitrogen. Iyo nitrided layer yakaoma, yakanyanya kupfeka-inodzivirira uye isingadzivirirwe nekuora kupfuura iyo carburized layer, asi iyo carburized layer.
Iyo nitrogen layer yakatetepa. Mushure mekuita nitriding, deformation yezvikamu idiki, uye inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira zvidimbu zvakaringana zvine mapfekero madiki anotenderwa, senge kugaya muchina ma spindles, plunger pairs, precision giya, mavharuvhu madzinde, nezvimwewo, anowanzo shandiswa simbi mamakisi. Pane 38CrMoAl.
4. Yakaderera kuoma simbi
Simbi yakaomesesa yakaderera kabhoni simbi ine zvinhu zvakaderera zvakasara senge manganese nesilicon. Iyo yepakati chikamu chezvikamu zvakagadzirwa nemhando iyi yesimbi yakaoma kudzima kupfuura yakajairwa kabhoni structural simbi panguva yekudzima. Zvakare, iyo yakaomeswa layer inogovaniswa zvakaenzana padivi peiyo contour yechikamu, nepo chikamu chepakati chinochengeta yakapfava uye yakasimba matrix kutsiva carburized simbi kugadzira magiya, bushings, nezvimwe, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mari. Nguva carburizing maitiro, kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Kuti uenzanise kuoma kwechikamu chepakati nekuoma kwepasi nemazvo, kabhoni yayo yemukati inowanzoita 0.50 ~ 0.70%.
5. Simbi yekucheka yakasununguka
Simbi yemahara ndeyekuwedzerwa kwechimwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sesarufa, mutungamiri, calcium, selenium, nezvimwewo kune simbi kuderedza simba rekucheka. Mari yakawedzerwa kazhinji ingori zviuru zvishoma kana zvishoma. Muviri, kana kuwedzera zvinhu zvakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu musimbi kuita rudzi rwekubatanidzwa kunoderedza kukwenya uye kukurudzira kuputika kwechip panguva yekucheka, kuitira kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwemidziyo uye kuderedza kucheka. Chinangwa chekucheka simba, kuvandudza kushata kwepamusoro, etc. Sezvo kuwedzerwa kwesarufa kuchaderedza michina yesimbi, inowanzoshandiswa chete kugadzira zvikamu zvinotakura chiedza. Yemazuva ano yemahara-yekucheka simbi nekuda kwekuita. Kuvandudzwa kunoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari.
6. Chitubu simbi
Iyo elastic simbi ine yakakwira elastic muganho, kuneta muganho uye goho reshiyo. Chishandiso chayo chikuru zvitubu. Zvitubu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakina akasiyana uye zviridzwa. Chitarisiko chavo chinogona kupatsanurwa. Kune marudzi maviri emashizha emashizha uye macoil springs. Basa guru rematsutso ndeyekuvhunduka uye kuchengetedza simba. Iyo elastic deformation, kunyura kwesimba rekuita, kudzikiswa kwesimba, Senge buffer inobuda pamotokari nedzimwe mota; chitubu chinogonawo kuburitsa simba rakanyura kuita kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvipedze zvimwe zviito, senge chitubu chevharuvhu painjini, chiridzwa Tafura zvitubu, nezvimwe.
7. Kutakura simbi
Kutakura simbi kune yakakwirira uye yunifomu kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba, uyewo yakakwirira elastic muganho. Kufanana kwemakemikari ekugadzirwa kwesimbi inotakura, zvinyorwa uye kugoverwa kweasina-metallic inclusions, uye carbides. Kugovera uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvesimbi zvakanyanya kuomarara, uye ndeimwe yeakanyanya kuomesesa simbi mamakisi mukugadzirwa kwesimbi kwese. Kutakura simbi inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhora, rollers uye sleeve ye rolling bearings. Simbi giredhi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira chaiwo maturusi, kufa inotonhora, muchina chishandiso screw, senge kufa, turusi, tepi uye dizeli mafuta pombi chaiyo zvikamu.