Imishini iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye zomzimba ezenziwe umuntu, ezinokunyakaza okuqondile okuhlobene phakathi kwengxenye ngayinye, engasiza abantu behlise ubunzima bomsebenzi noma bonge imali.
Idivayisi yethuluzi lamandla. i-complex Umshini wakhiwe ngemishini elula emibili noma ngaphezulu, kanti imishini eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi imishini.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini, engahlukaniswa ngemishini yezolimo, imishini yezimayini, imishini yokwakha, imishini ejwayelekile ye-petrochemical, imishini kagesi, namathuluzi omshini ngokuya ngezimboni ezinikezwayo, Instrumentation, isisekelo. Imishini, imishini yokupakisha, imishini yokuvikela imvelo, njll. Insimbi yokukhiqiza imishini, insimbi yesakhiwo esetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye eziwumshini ezithwala umthwalo noma ezidlulisa umsebenzi namandla, ezaziwa nangokuthi insimbi yesakhiwo somshini. Ihlukaniswe ngenhloso
Insimbi ecishiwe futhi eqinile, indawo eqinile
Insimbi yekhemikhali (okuhlanganisa insimbi ye-carburizing, insimbi ye-nitriding, insimbi engaqinile), insimbi esika mahhala, insimbi enwebekayo nensimbi eginqikayo, njll.
1. Insimbi ecishiwe futhi ethambile
Insimbi ecishiwe nepholile ngokuvamile iyacishwa bese iyashiswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe amandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ecinyiwe kanye ne-temed steel ingu-0.03 ~ 0.60%.
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphansi,
Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukwenza izingxenye zemishini ezinosayizi omncane we-cross-section, umumo olula noma umthwalo ophansi. I-alloy quenched nensimbi epholile yenziwa ngekhabhoni
Ngesisekelo sensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, i-elementi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yengezwa
Isamba senani lama-elementi engxubevange elengeziwe ngokuvamile alidluli u-5%. I-alloy quenched and tempered steel inokuqina okuhle futhi ingasetshenziswa kuyo
Iqiniswe emafutheni, i-deformation encane yokucisha, amandla angcono kanye nokuqina
Amamaki ensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-40Cr, 35CrMo, 40MnB, njll. Usayizi we-cross-section mkhulu.
, Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinomthwalo omkhulu, njenge-aero shaft main injini, i-crankshaft yenjini yedizili enesivinini esikhulu
Futhi izinduku zokuxhuma, ama-shafts amakhulu ama-steam turbines nama-generator, njll.
Amabanga ensimbi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ze-alloying, njenge-40CrNiMo, 18CrNiW, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, njll.
2. Carburized steel
Insimbi eshisiwe isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezidinga izindawo eziqinile nezingagugi kanye nama-cores aqinile futhi amelana nomthelela, njengamaphinikhodi, amaphinikhodi, ama-piston pin, amagiya, njll. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi eshibhile kuphansi, okungu-0.10~0.30% , ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwengqikithi yengxenye, ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-carburizing, isendlalelo esinekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nokuqina kokuqina okuphezulu singakhiwa phezulu. I-alloy carburizing ingasetshenziselwa izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu. Insimbi, amamaki ensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20Cr, njll.
3. Insimbi ene-nitrided
Insimbi ene-nitrided iqukethe izakhi ze-alloying ezinokuhambisana okuqinile kwe-nitrogen, njenge-aluminium, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, njll., ukuze kube lula ukungeniswa kwe-nitrogen. Isendlalelo esine-nitrided siqinile, simelana nokuguga futhi amelana nokugqwala kunesendlalelo se-carburized, kodwa isendlalelo se-carburized
Ungqimba lwe-nitrogen mncane. Ngemuva kwe-nitriding, ukuwohloka kwezingxenye kuncane, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezinembayo ezinembayo ezincane ezivumelekile, njengeziphotha zomshini wokugaya, amapheya ama-plunger, amagiya anembayo, iziqu ze-valve, njll., amamaki ensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Kukhona i-38CrMoAl.
4. Insimbi yokuqina ephansi
Insimbi eqinile ephansi iyinsimbi ekhethekile yekhabhoni enezici ezisalayo eziphansi njenge-manganese ne-silicon. Ingxenye emaphakathi yezingxenye ezenziwe ngalolu hlobo lwensimbi inzima kakhulu ukuyicima kunensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural ngesikhathi sokucisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba oluqinile lusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo eduze nendawo engaphezulu yengxenye, kuyilapho ingxenye emaphakathi igcina i-matrix ethambile futhi eqinile yokufaka esikhundleni sensimbi eshisiwe ukwenza amagiya, izihlahla, njll., ezingonga imali. Isikhathi carburizing inqubo, ukonga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuze ufanise ukuqina kwengxenye emaphakathi nobulukhuni bobuso ngendlela efanele, okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni kuvamise ukuba ngu-0.50 ~ 0.70%.
5. Insimbi yokusika yamahhala
Insimbi yokusika mahhala iwukwengezwa kwesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu njengesibabule, umthofu, i-calcium, i-selenium, njll. ensimbi ukunciphisa amandla okusika. Inani elingeziwe ngokuvamile liyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa noma ngaphansi. Umzimba, noma izakhi zokwengeza ezihlanganiswe nezinye izakhi ensimbi ukwenza uhlobo lokuhlanganisa okunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokukhuthaza ukuphuka kwe-chip ngesikhathi sokusika, ukuze kunwetshwe ukuphila kwamathuluzi nokunciphisa ukusika. Inhloso yokusika amandla, ukuthuthukisa ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, njll. Njengoba ukungezwa kwesibabule kuzonciphisa izakhiwo zensimbi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezilayishwe ukukhanya. Insimbi yesimanje yokusika mahhala ngenxa yokusebenza. Ukuthuthukiswa nakho kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izingxenye zezimoto.
6. Insimbi yasentwasahlobo
Insimbi enwebekayo inomkhawulo ophezulu wokunwebeka, umkhawulo wokukhathala kanye nesilinganiso sesivuno. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko yiziphethu. Iziphethu zisetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini nasezinsimbini ezahlukene. Ukubukeka kwabo kungahlukaniswa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithombo yamaqabunga kanye nemithombo yamakhoyili. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wentwasahlobo ukumuncwa ukushaqeka nokugcina amandla. Ukuguquguquka okunwebekayo, ukumuncwa kwamandla okuthinta, ukunciphisa umthelela, Okufana nesigcinalwazi siphuma ezimotweni nezinye izimoto; intwasahlobo ingaphinda ikhulule amandla amuncwa ukwenza ezinye izingxenye ziqedele izenzo ezithile, njengesiphethu se-valve enjinini, ithuluzi le-Table springs, njll.
7. Ukuthwala insimbi
I-Bearing steel inokuqina okuphezulu nokufana okufanayo nokumelana nokugqoka, kanye nomkhawulo ophezulu wokunwebeka. Ukufana kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ethwalayo, okuqukethwe kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-non-metallic inclusions, nama-carbides. Ukusabalalisa kanye nezinye izidingo zensimbi ziqinile kakhulu, futhi ingenye yezigaba zensimbi eziqinile kakhulu kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi. I-Bearing steel isetshenziselwa ukwakha amabhola, ama-roller kanye nemikhono yama-bearings. Ibanga lensimbi lingasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi anembayo, ukufa okubandayo, isikulufu sethuluzi lomshini, njengokufa, ithuluzi, umpompi kanye nezingxenye zokunemba zepompo likawoyela wedizili.