Don yin mota, muna buƙatar abubuwa daban-daban kamar kayan ƙarfe, ƙarfe maras ƙarfe, kayan haɗin gwiwa, gilashi, roba, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, kayan ƙarfe.
Ana sa ran za a yi lissafin
Idan ya zo da kashi 65% -85% na nauyin motar, ko da kuwa harsashin motar ne ko kuma zuciyarta, ana iya ganin jikin karfen ko'ina.
fim.
Karfe na Mota yafi kasu kashi biyu:
Daya shine karfen jikin mota, wanda ya kunshi harsashi na waje da kwarangwal na mota; dayan kuma shi ne karfen ginin taya na mota, wanda ya kunshi injin mota
Inji, watsa
Babban abu na tsarin tsauri, tsarin dakatarwa, da dai sauransu Na gaba, za mu ba ku cikakken gabatarwa.
1. Karfe don jikin mota
Bari mu fara duba karfe don aikin jiki na mota. Jiki mai ɗaukar nauyi, duk jiki ɗaya ne, ƙarfe ya zama kwarangwal ɗinsa.
Kuma injin, tsarin watsawa, dakatarwar gaba da ta baya da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara
An taru akan wannan firam ɗin.
1. Karfe na waje panel na mota jiki
Karfe don fanatin jikin mota galibi ana amfani da shi don kera faranti na gaba, baya, hagu da dama na waje, bangarorin bangon murfin injin, bangarorin bangon akwati da sauran sassa. Ya kammata
Yana da tsari mai kyau,
Juriya na lalata, juriya na haƙori da ingantaccen walƙiya na lantarki. Bangaren waje na jikin motar galibi an lulluɓe shi da faranti don biyan buƙatun rigakafin lalata.
Don haɓaka juriya na haƙori, gasa ƙarfe mai tauri, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
IDAN karfe da babban tsari mai sanyi mai jujjuyawar karfe mai-lokaci biyu (kamar DP450). Multi-manufa zafi don rufi faranti
Galvanized takardar, zafi-tsoma galvanized baƙin ƙarfe takardar, electro-galvanized takardar, electro-galvanized-nickel takardar, da dai sauransu.
2. Karfe don panel na ciki na jiki
Ta wajen bangaren motar, za mu iya ganin cewa siffar sassan jikin motar ta fi rikitarwa, wanda ke bukatar karfe don ciki na jikin motar ya kasance.
Higher formability da zurfin zane yi, don haka mota
Farantin ciki na jiki yawanci an yi shi ne da IF karfe tare da kyakkyawan tsari na hatimi da zane mai zurfi, da ƙaramin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi IF ana amfani da ƙarfe.
Bukatun plating sun yi kama da na farantin waje.
3. Tsarin jikin mota
Ƙarin ciki, za mu iya ganin tsarin jikin mota. Yana da alaƙa ta kusa da aminci da nauyi na motoci. saboda
Wannan zaɓin abu yana buƙatar duka ƙarfin ƙarfi da babban filastik. Na farko
Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (AHSS) yana da kyakkyawar haɗin filastik mai ƙarfi da kuma karo mai kyau
Abubuwan halaye da rayuwar gajiyawa galibi ana amfani da su a sassan tsarin jiki. Misali, yana ciki
Firam ɗin gaba da na baya da mahimman sassa kamar A-ginshiƙi da B-ginshiƙi
An yi amfani da shi sosai, idan akwai tasiri, musamman a gaba da kuma tasiri na gefe, zai iya rage yawan tuki yadda ya kamata
Lalacewar gidan don kare direbobi da fasinjoji
Tsaro. Babban ƙarfi na kera motoci ya haɗa da ƙarfe-lokaci biyu, ƙarfe na martensitic, canjin zamani wanda ya haifar da filastik karfe, ƙarfe duplex, da ƙarfe mai ƙarewa.
2. Alloy tsarin karfe ga motoci
Sanin karfen da ake amfani da shi wajen harsashi da firam din motar, bari mu ci gaba da fahimtar irin tsarin karfen da motar ke boye a jikin motar. Yafi haɗa da: shaft
Yi amfani da karfen da aka kashe da kuma wanda ba a kashe shi ba
Karfe, karfe gear, kowane irin karfe don harsashi da kowane nau'in karfe don daidaitattun sassa masu ƙarfi.
1. Karfe da aka kashe da mai da ba a kashewa da kuma karfen da ba a kashe ba don shafts
A cikin motoci, axles daban-daban suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Matukar motar ta fara gudu, za su dauka
Yawan damuwa. Ƙunƙarar gaba tana fuskantar matsin gajiya mai lanƙwasa, mai lanƙwasa
Ƙarƙashin haɗin haɗin gwiwar lankwasawa da ƙwanƙwasa, ƙaddamarwar watsawa yana fuskantar matsalolin gajiya na torsional, kuma sandar haɗin kai bears.
Dangane da tashin hankali na asymmetrical da matsawa, yakamata su ... don ba su damar yin aiki lafiya da aminci, shafts.
Ƙarfe mai zafin wuta yawanci yana ƙunshe da wasu abubuwa masu haɗawa don tabbatar da quenching
Permeability (wani nau'i na iyawa don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin kowane bangare na sashin giciye ya dace da bukatun sashin), da kuma inganta tasirin tasiri.
jima'i. A halin yanzu, quenched da tempered karfe don crankshaft
Akwai 40Cr, 42CrMo, da dai sauransu, mota rabin shafts ana amfani da su a S45C, SCM4, SCM6, SAE1045, da dai sauransu, kuma mota haɗa sanduna ne Multi-manufa quenched da tempered karfe.
40Cr, S48C. A'a
An yi amfani da karafan da aka kashe da kuma masu zafi kamar 12Mn2VBS da 35MnVN a cikin ƙwanƙolin tuƙi da sandunan haɗin injin.
2. Gear karfe
Gears kuma muhimmin bangaren watsa wutar lantarki ne akan motoci. Abubuwan buƙatun aikin ƙarfe na kayan aiki sune: babban juriya na murkushewa da juriyar lalata
Iyawa; tasiri mai kyau juriya da lankwasawa
Iyawa; Hardenability mai dacewa, zurfin Layer mai tauri da tauri mai mahimmanci; kyakkyawan tsarin aiki da yankan aiki
Ayyuka; da nakasa da kwanciyar hankali. Gear karfe yana da
SCM420, SCM822 da sauran jerin Cr-Mo, jerin Cr-Ni-Mo da jerin Ni-Mo.
3. Karfe don harsashi
Ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin motoci da yawa kuma a yawancin iri. Su bangare ne na asali. Babban amfani ne na roba karfe don dakatar da bawul spring karfe.
, A cikin manyan motoci masu nauyi ko nauyi, dakatarwar bazara
Matsakaicin adadin kuzari shine 100-500 kg. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙarfe na bazara sune: babban iyaka na roba da shakatawa
Juriya, kyawawa mai kyau da taurin da ya dace, babban taurin karaya
Juriya da damuwa rayuwa ta gajiyawa, kyakkyawan aikin aikin ƙarfe da tsari, -
Wasu juriya na abrasion da juriya na lalata. A halin yanzu, karfe don maɓuɓɓugan dakatarwa ya haɗa da: Si-Mn jerin, Mn-Cr
Sashen, Sashen Cr-V. Mn-Cr-B, da dai sauransu.
4. Karfe ga daban-daban high-ƙarfi misali sassa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, madaidaitan sassa masu ƙarfi sun ƙaru a hankali a cikin aikace-aikacen mota. Karfe don riveting sukurori na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Yana bukata
Kyakkyawan aiki na tsari, machinability, ƙarfin aiki
Ayyukan gaji da jinkirin iyawar karaya ƙarƙashin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Farantin lasisin da aka saba amfani da su don motocin fasinja
①HC260B, B180H1, JSC340H, SPFC340H, da dai sauransu.
②HC700/980DP, HC820/1180DP, MS1500T/1200Y, da dai sauransu.
③HC380/590TR, CR780T/440Y-TR, da dai sauransu.
Saukewa: JSC270C. DC01, DC03, DC51D+Z, da dai sauransu.
⑤HC600/980QP, S700MC, da dai sauransu.
⑥HC220P2, HC260LA, JSC 440Y, B280VK, SPFC780, da dai sauransu.
⑦DC51D+AS, DC53D+MA, 409L, 439, da dai sauransu.
⑧40Gr, GCr15, 60Si2MnA, 50GrVA, da dai sauransu.
⑨B380CL, SPFH540, da dai sauransu.
Samfuran manyan motocin da aka fi amfani da su
①SPA-C, HC400/780DP, S350GD+Z, da dai sauransu.
②QStE500TM, 510L, 700L, SAPH440, SPFH590, da dai sauransu.